CS 5431 – Computer Security
نویسنده
چکیده
There is no universally accepted definition of privacy. It is variously referred to as a right or a privilege, a descriptive concept or a normative one, a question of secrecy or of control. Several efforts have been made to formally define privacy, but none are universally accepted. One definition that has had a lot of influence over the years, particularly on legal interpretations of privacy, was introduced by Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis in a Harvard Law Review article in 1890. They described privacy as “the right to be left alone,” more specifically the right of individuals to prevent publication of certain information against their will. This definition focused exclusively on secrecy: Warren and Brandeis believed that the right to privacy ceases after consensual publication. More recently, philosopher Helen Nissenbaum has defined privacy as contextual integrity. By this she means that uses are considered to be privacy violations if they occur outside an appropriate context. Whether a context is appropriate might depend on time, location, purpose, and/or participating principals. Despite the lack of consensus regarding a formal definition of privacy, most people have their own intuitive notion of what privacy means to them; at the very least, they know it when they see it. These ideals can impose external design constraints— either in the form of legal requirements or customer preferences—that influence how computer systems store, use, and share data.
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